The incredible morphological and chemical diversity, fundamental economic importance and worldwide distribution make the solanaceae one of the most fascinating groups of flowering plants. Solanum anthers dehisce open by terminal pores, although in many species the pores elongate into slits with age. Called the nightshade family or the potato family, solanaceae has more than 90 genera and nearly 3,000 species distributed throughout the world. The leaves are opposite or may be arranged in a whorl. Vegetable plantvegetable plant families and page f their. Solanaceae article about solanaceae by the free dictionary. Hair and spine morphology are diagnostic for many species and groups within solanum and are very important characters in taxonomy. Plants in a family are genetically related, so they have similar characteristics. Tiny flowers in a broad, flat cluster arising from. Ethnobotanical enumeration of the species of family solanaceae involves in this paper, there botanical names, local names, localities, family names, altitudes, parts used and medicinal importance. Tomato family solanaceaetomatos, potatoes, peppers, eggplants. According to hutchinson this is the seventyseventh order of. There are eight main groups of the solanaceae family we will study. This can go several different ways, like two divorced parents.
The solanaceae is a plant family of great economic importance. A total of 8 eight species under 4 four genera of the family solanaceae were collected and identified by. They are mainly found in central and south america. Solanales, potato order of flowering plants, including five families with 165 genera and more than 4,080 species. Solanaceae are known for possessing a diverse range of alkaloids. In india it is represented by 70 species of 21 genera. Perveen and qaiser 10 examined pollen morphology of 20 species representing 7 genera of the family solanaceae from pakistan and found pollen morphology of the family solanaceae is significantly helpful at. If you import data to an existing family file, its important to merge duplicates.
Solanaceae, taxonomic studies, rajshahi university campus. Its members are characterized by flowers with five petals, sepals, and stamens and typically bear alternate leaves. Pollen morphodiversity in some genera of family solanaceae. The family is informally known as the nightshade or potato family. Comparisoncontrast of two solanaceae known as the plant that drives mad, datura stramonium, is commonly called thornapple or jimsonweed. Some members of this family include chemicals called alkaloids that may be toxic if ingested. The family being one of the most evolutionarily successful and advanced taxa. The solanaceae family comprises 30004000 species that are classified.
There are 6 different family types and each one has a. Six top agricultural crop families grass family poaceaerice, wheat, corn, etc. The largest family in solanales is solanaceae, the potato or nightshade family, which includes some 100 genera and nearly 2,500 species. Third largest family of flowering plants and second only to the cereals in economic importance. A list of all accepted names in solanaceae is available in csv format. The historical role of species from the solanaceae plant family in. Family characteristics the solanaceae family, often called the. Solanaceae, potato family herbs and shrubs, often poisonous polysymmetric. Tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, chili pepper, tobacco, and potato. This is evident from the cases where environmental conditions have been found to induce expression of pigments that are normally not expressed in them. There may be up to approximately 1500 species worldwide.
Many genera are extremely widespread, while others are endemic to single countries. A cosmopolitan family, but main areas of distribution occur in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in central and south america. It is important source of food, spice and medicine. This combination of traits is also found in two recently named species, i. Solanoideae, a genus of two asian species, was formerly included in. These most often occur on the stems, leaves, and calyx and can be straight or recurved, thin and needlelike or broadbased. Editors introduction potatoes, tomatoes and a host of other important fruit crops all belong to the solanaceae plant family. It is grown as an annual plant and is one of the most consumed fruit vegetables in tropical africa. The second largest families of plants 2 orchid family family orchidaceae with about 20,000 species.
The members of this family are distributed throughout the world. These pigments are synthesized via two independent pathways that do not merge at any point. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but manyincluding tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell and chili peppersare used as. The filaments are usually very short, and in many species the anthers are connate into a tight cone around the style.
Family solanaceae is also called as the potato family or the nightshade family. Abstract taxonomic investigation of the family solanaceae growing through out the rajshahi university campus was carried out. The flowers are clustered in whorls at the end of the flowering stalks or in the junctions of leaves and stems. As the tomato belongs to the solanaceae family, known as the deadly nightshade family, it has in the past given it a false reputation of being toxic while, in fact, it is the tomato leaf that is toxic and not the fruit or tomato.
Some plants have great medicinal value, some are quite poisonous. Oct 15, 2016 the solanaceae family with its long tradition of genetic research on model as well as nonmodel species, with its wealth of genetic and genomic resources and with its relevance for human nutrition and wellbeing, is well positioned for being one of the great players in fundamental and applied plant research in the future. It includes trees, shrubs, and perennial or annual herbaceous plants, which. Perveen and qaiser 10 examined pollen morphology of 20 species representing 7 genera of the family solanaceae from pakistan and found pollen morphology of the family solanaceae is significantly helpful at the generic and specific level.
Although not large, the solanaceae, or nightshade family, is certainly one of the most economically important plant families. Among them, around two lakh species are angiosperms flowering plants, while others include gymnosperms, bryophytes, hydrophytes and other vascular and nonvascular plants. Family characteristics historical importance and domestication. The historical role of species from the solanaceae plant. Two of the families are large and contain some of the most highly cultivated plants. The solanaceae is a large varied family of trees, shrubs and herbs including 90 genera and more than 2000 species. These are herbs with alternate leaves and colorless juice. Solanaceae a taxonomic family within the order solanales many plants including the nightshades, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes and tobacco. Among angiosperm families, the solanaceae rank as one of the most. Homoeopathic medicines made out of solanaceae group of plants and their preparation, properties and clinical indications. The family is highly diverse, includes perennial trees as well as herbaceous annual species and occupies a wide range of terrestrial habitats from deserts to rainforests knapp et al. Solanaceae group remedies in homeopathy homeopathy.
Pdf the historical role of species from the solanaceae plant family. Classification for kingdom plantae down to family solanaceae. Legumes includes a large number of domesticated species harvested as crops for human and. The guided mode provides you with guided edits a wizardlike interface to accomplish certain predefined effects. Mandrake, by combining physiological effects with a humanlike appear ance, has. The seeds of cannabis hemps give oil which is used in paints and soaps. About the classification report about the classification download. The family has diversified in most major land biomes from arid to wet tropical, grassland and coastal. Taxonomic studies on the family solanaceae in the rajshahi. Medium sized family with 90 genera and 30004000 species, with great variation in habit, morphology and ecology. These plants are distributed in temperate and tropical areas.
Fabaceae leguminosae the pea, bean and mimosa family 730 genera 19,500 species alternate, stipulate, pinnately to palmately a keel or flaring apart distribution. The solanaceae is a family of flowering plants, many of which are edible, while others are considered poisonous. Most important plant families alexey shipunov minot state university july 16, 20 shipunov biol 592. Jun 22, 2008 this prolific family is the solanaceae one that numbers more than 2500 species from warm and temperate areas, america being the richest place. Solanaceae in particular is known to be a moderately evolving family, wherein translocations and paracentric inversions have been major modes of genome evolution.
The most important example is tobacco nicotiana tabacum. However, solanaceae species are rich in alkaloids whose toxicity to humans. Fabaceae leguminosae pea or bean family peas, greenstring beans, fava beans, hyacinth bean, cowpea, peanut. Pdf solanaceae belongs to that group of families, which are included in almost all. The fabaceae or leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It is a large family well distributed in tropics and subtropics, though a few members are found in temperate zone. The smell and fragrance of flowers has always been so elusive. We use cookies to ensure the functionality of our website, to personalize content and advertising, to provide social media features, and to analyze.
The family belongs to the order solanales, in the asterid group and class magnoliopsida dicotyledons. Solanaceae the potato family 94 genera 2,950 species distribution. Index terms ethnomedicinal use, indigenous knowledge, district hamirpur h. Ethanomedicinal use of plants belonging to families. Multiparent advanced generation intercross magic populations combine advantages of. The third largest families of plants 3 legumes or pea family family fabaceae with about 18,000 species. The solanaceae family comprises 30004000 species that are classified in approximately 90 genera. The name solanaceae derives from the genus solanum, the nightshade plant. The solanaceae family is characteristically ethnobotanical, that is, extensively used by humans.
Five, polyandrous, alternating with petals, anther often fusing around the style, dehiscence by pores solanum. Grouping vegetables into their botanical families is useful, as closely related plants within a family often share both similar. This is a large family with around 20003000 species in 90 different genera, found in most temperate and tropical regions, with a large number coming from australia and central and south america. The fabaceae, also called leguminosae or bean and pea family, is the third largest family of angiosperms after orchidaceae orchids and asteraceae daisies, sunflowers, and second only to poaceae grasses in terms of agricultural and economic importance. Its members are characterized by flowers with five petals, sepals, and stamens and alternate leaves. This family consists of around 100 genera and 2,700 species ranging from herbaceous perennials to trees. The same person might appear twice, with one record linked to his ancestors and one linked to his descendants. The family includes 2,000 species belonging to 90 genera. Despite a wealth of phylogenetic work on individual clades and a deep knowledge of particular cultivated species such as tomato and potato, a robust evolutionary framework with a dated molecular phylogeny for the family is still lacking. Vegetable families when talking about vegetable crops, vegetable gardeners often use special jargon that others may find unfamiliar or confusing. This family contains many species of great economic importance. Nov 11, 2016 the largest families of plants 1 sunflower family family asteraceae with about 24,000 species. The family is spliced into 147 genera, the solanum genera itself having no less than species.
A link to a photo album of members of the solanaceae can be seen a thomas elpels site below. Solanaceae presents a tremendous variety of fruit color, which is mainly attributed to pigments belonging to two major classescarotenoids and anthocyanins. The plants database includes the following 104 species of solanum. The leaves and stems of many species have a strong scent when crushed. This family includes 90 genera and about 3000 species. Characters can be physical characteristics of the organism, such as. Ethnobotanical uses of plants of family solanaceae.
Some plants of this family give important drugs and narcotics u44 some of these are bhang charas. This is a list of species in the plant genus solanum. Solanaceae solanum tuberosum is a tetraploid 4n 48 and does not grow true to type from seed so it is propagated vegetatively by the tubers. While there are obviously many variations within this family, their leaves are always arranged in an alternating pattern on the stem. Watch this video to learn about the fabaceae family. The potatotomato genus, solanum, includes about onehalf of the species. The below mentioned article provides an overview on order solanales, family solanaceae.
The solanaceae, or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. The solanaceae consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology. Various members of this family are also grown as ornamentals. As you move the mouse horizontally over the image, the portion to the left of the slider displays the image before the effect is applied. Over 3000 species belong to the family solanaceae, which is the third most important plant family, it comprises a number of economically important crops, such as tomato, potato, pepper and eggplant which are contain high nutritive value, including quality proteins, mineral salts, starch and vitamins 24,38, solanum melongena l. Status of solanaceae crops research this section summarizes the status of the research in solanaceae crops and the available genetic and genomic resources. Aug 05, 2014 a read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Solanaceae nightshade family the solanaceae family has been highly cultivated over the years it includes potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, sweet peppers, chili peppers but not black pepper, tobacco and petunias. A total of 8 eight species under 4 four genera of the family solanaceae. However during the survey ethnobotanical information of the species included in. Iconography and history of solanaceae horticulture and.
Family description according to the plant taxonomists, it has been estimated that a total of 2 to 3 million plant species exists on our planet. These species are extensively used for medicinal purpose throughout the country. This family has more than 90 genera and around 3000 species. A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the. These include potato solanum tuberosum, tomato lycopersicon.
Five, gamopetalous, rotate or infundibuliform or lobed, inferior, sometimes zygomorphic. Although excessive rainfall affects both vegetative growth and flower. In this lesson we will learn to identify several members of the solanaceae. Advice home family there are 6 different family types and each one has a unique family dynamic there are 6 different family types and each one has a unique family dynamic. Apiaceae formerly umbelliferae, carrot or parsley family. Six plant families of economic importance david bogler. Plants of the nightshade family stop and study the next tomato, potato or pepper flower you come across and you will quickly learn the nightshade family. Species of solanaceae contained within the plant list belong to 105 plant genera.
Botanical classification in 1753 the tomato was placed in the genus solanum by. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Solanaceae is a large family consisting of 90 genera distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the world. The plant list includes 8,216 scientific plant names of species rank for the family solanaceae. Prickles often called spines are a hallmark of the leptostemonum clade. Among the most important of those are potato solanum tuberosum. The tomato was one of the principal models in twentieth century classical genetics and a pacemaker of genome analysis in plants including molecular linkage. Most programs can identify potential matches and merge them automatically or manually. Solanaceae belongs to that group of families, which are included in almost all angiosperm classifications.
Solanaceae, the nightshade, or potato, family of flowering plants order solanales, with 102 genera and nearly 2,500 species, many of considerable economic importance as food and drug plants. Phylogeny and biogeography in solanaceae, verbenaceae and. The majority of these are tropical, but the family is also well represented in temperate regions. Although an effort was made to list all the major relevant information, this record is far from complete. We will amend the catalog with additional information as it becomes available.
Flowers of solanum generally are actinomorphic with a 5lobed calyx and corolla, 5 stamens, and a 2carpellate superior ovary. Species from the solanaceae family form integral parts of human. With some 800 accepted specific and infraspecific taxa of the more than 4,000 described, the genus solanum contains more species than any other genus in the family solanaceae and it is one of the largest among the angiosperms. Trick to learn floral formula and diagrams of family fabaceae, solanaceae, liliaceae etc. They have solitary, bisexual, regular flowers with 5 rarely 3, 4 or 6 separate or united sepals and 5 united petals. Perennial herb that belongs to the family solanaceae.
Guided mode photomerge edits in photoshop elements. Chief among this jargon is talking about vegetable families. The calyx and corolla are 5lobed, and usually there are 5 stamens. Experiences and inspiration from all members of the family are encouraged, whichever may have spoken to you or has had a major influence. All three families occur in a broad range of ecosystems and exhibit a range of dispersal attributes, including animal and nonanimal vectors. I will especially be looking for submissions with usages of the more obscure species of the solanaceae family, as the more familiar ones will undoubtedly illicit a much larger response. Click on names to expand them, and on p for plants profiles. Important details of plant construction most important plant families how to identify some important families. Solanaceae nightshades and convolvulaceae morning glories.
The effect of spacing of egg plant solanum melongena l. It is mostly annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or small trees or even vines. Some species of solanaceae are known in china only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens. Chromosomal evolution in the plant family solanaceae bmc. Solanaceae a model for linking genomics with biodiversity. A stepfamily is when two separate families merge into one. Solanaceae, liliaceae and fabaceae family an overview.
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